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The World Series of Anti-Semitism

Henery-Ford-Dearborn-newspaperExultation knows no bounds in Kansas City this week, as the town basks in the victory of the Royals over the New York Mets. But they’re not the only ones cheering. In cities all over America, baseball fans can dispel some of the clouds of disappointment with this silver lining: at least the World Series champions are not the St. Louis Cardinals.

You see, according to a Reddit survey last summer, St. Louis is one of the most hated teams in major league baseball.

But what is it about the St. Louis Cardinals that piques the ire of so many spectators? After all, the squeaky-clean, wholesomely Midwest ball club has earned every right to be admired, if not adored. In June 2004, St. Louis fans gave Ken Griffey, Jr., a standing ovation when he hit his 500th home run off Cardinal pitcher Matt Morris. Griffey later said that if he couldn’t reach that milestone in his home town of Cincinnati, he’d hoped it would happen in St. Louis.

That was the same year Larry Walker joined the team and stuck out his first time at bat. Cardinals fans rewarded him with a standing ovation as well, as if to say, “Welcome to the team, Larry.”

A couple of months after that, Cardinals and Dodgers players shook up the sports world by shaking hands after the Cardinals won the playoff series, inspiring astonishment and almost universal commendation.

So why isn’t St. Louis feeling the love?

Read the whole article here.

Who is Wise? Who is Righteous? One who reads Harry Potter

RADCLIFF...TO GO WITH STORY TITLED POTTER COUNTDOWN--FILE--Actor Daniel Radcliffe writes with a quill in a scene from Warner Bros. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone," in this undated promotional photo. The film has its world premiere in London this weekend and hits theaters Nov. 16. Based on the first of author J.K. Rowling's best-selling series, the movie follows the adventures of Harry, an orphan boy who is invited to become a student at the Hogwart's School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The movie faces huge expectations not only among fans, but at the box office, too. (AP Photo/Warners Bros. Pictures, Peter Mountain/FILE)

Do you want to put an end to bigotry, ultra-nationalism, and racism? It might be easier than you think. Try reading Harry Potter.

No, it’s not magic. According to the Journal of Applied Social Psychology, there’s more to the wildly successful series than just a good story. The tale of a mistreated orphan boy who discovers extraordinary magical abilities is essentially an epic metaphor for the battle between merit and privilege, between status and stature, as pure-blooded wizards contend with half-bloods and “mudbloods” for supremacy over the magical world.

By identifying with the heroes of the story who grapple with the conflict between ancestral identity and the content of character, readers will likely emerge a little more heroic themselves.

That’s what Professor Loris Vezzali and his team of researchers from Italy’s University of Modena and Reggio Emilia concluded after a series of studies which demonstrated how children exposed to the passages dealing with prejudice displayed improved attitudes toward minorities and other social classes. According to Scientific American, this research supports an earlier study in Science, which “found that reading literary fiction, as opposed to popular fiction or nonfiction, results in keener social perception and increased empathy.”

This really should come as no surprise. Literary fiction seeks to educate as well as entertain. The combination of relaxing the mind, the willing suspension of disbelief, and the integration of moral themes, allows for the better internalization of values. Of course, the benefits are dependent upon the soundness of those values.

But Harry Potter hits the mark with almost unwavering accuracy.

Read the whole article at: http://www.learning-mind.com/reading-harry-potter/

Legal Larceny

politicianEarlier this month, voters in a CBS news poll ranked presidential candidates on, among other qualities, honesty.  Joe Biden, who was then still in the race, claimed the top spot with an 85% favorable rating.  Hillary Clinton scored 68% among Democrat primary voters but only 35% among voters in general.

This is nothing less than staggering.  Whatever one may think about Mrs. Clinton’s qualifications to occupy the White House, her record on truthfulness screams for itself:  She’s lied about Benghazi, lied about her emails, lied about ducking under sniper fire in Bosnia, lied about being broke when her husband left office, lied about her immigrant grandparents, lied about being named for Sir Edmund Hillary.

The real tragedy is that so much of the voting public is uninformed about or, even worse, indifferent to Mrs. Clinton’s utter disregard for the truth.  It’s not just that she tells lies; it’s that she tells lies about things that don’t even matter, tells lies that can be easily verified, tells lies about having told lies without even a trace of embarrassment or remorse.

For whatever reasons, a huge portion of the country has made up its mind to adore Mrs. Clinton.  In their eyes, she can do no wrong.  Either her lies don’t matter, or else they aren’t lies, since if they were she would never have spoken them.

Whatever the explanation or excuse, the effect upon our society is chilling.  For when we lose our respect for the truth, there is no way our culture can survive.

It’s worth reflecting on Harry Truman’s observation that there is nothing more dangerous than a liar in public office.  Mr. Truman feared what would happen if the people believed him.  But what’s even more frightening is what happens when we follow our leaders’ examples and accept dishonesty as a way of life ourselves.

As I discuss in this article from 2011, originally published in Jewish World Review.

Legal Larceny

70 million Britons can’t be wrong. Can they?

Well, since our cousins across the pond boil their meat and drink warm lager, maybe the British love affair with one-pound coins was not the best indicator that Americans would willingly part with their one-dollar bills. Given the spectacular failures of the Susan B. Anthony dollar and the Sacagawea gold coin, hindsight seems better than 20/20.

If experience were not enough, a 2008 Harris poll found that three-fourths of people questioned prefer their dollars in bill, leaving little room for doubt. According to NPR, however, dollar-coin proponents remain undeterred. When asked about the poll, Leslie Paige, who represents watchdog group Citizens Against Government Waste, replied, “I suspect that they just don’t understand what the up sides are.” Ms. Paige believes the government should the dollar bill from circulation, thereby forcing Americans to use the coins.

In the meantime, over a billion newly minted coins line the shelves of government reserve vaults sealed in plastic bags. At a production cost of 30 cents per coin, that’s $300 million dollars of tax money spent on very pretty gold-colored trinkets that no one may ever use, with more being added to the pile every day.

Some, however, have found a way of turning fool’s gold into the genuine article.

money-lifestyle-greedIn an effort to popularize the coins, the United States Mint has offered to mail coin orders to buyers free of shipping charges. Enterprising “travel hackers” quickly figured out that they could buy the coins, rack up frequent-flier points on their credit cards, then deposit the coins to their bank accounts to pay off their credit card> bills. Officials began catching on when they noticed repeat orders adding up to as much as $600,000 worth of coins; they got another clue when banks reported receiving deposits of coins still in their Mint wrappers.

“We’ve used them to go on trips around the world,” Jane Liaw told NPR, saying that she and her husband are planning trips to Greece and Turkey, “all on miles and points.”

“It’s not illegal,” says Mint spokesman Tom Jurkowsky, “But it’s an abuse of the system… The system was set up to promote the use of dollar coins and we are simply trying to do the right thing here.”

NOLO CONTENDRE

Sadly, this seems to be the mantra of modern morality. If the government hasn’t legislated against it, there’s no reason not to do it. Everything that is not forbidden is permitted.

How recently have we witnessed the fallout from this mentality: the false promises of 125% home mortgages to insolvent borrowers, the loan-bundling that turned a fraction of a percent advantage into multimillion dollar profits, the obscene bonuses paid to executives with government bail-out money. None of these practices was illegal, even though they caused and perpetuated an economic tailspin from which the middle and lower classes have yet to recover.

mindfulhappiness-the-greedThe attraction of easy money is irresistible, it seems, no matter what the risk.

Ironically, the decline of the America work ethic coincides with many Americans working harder than ever. But appearances can be deceiving. While people do indeed put in longer hours, increasingly those hours are frittered away texting, tweeting, checking email, and playing solitaire. Indeed, even when working hard, many of us seem motivated less by a desire to do our jobs well than by the passionate longing to escape work altogether, either through exotic forms of recreation or early retirement.

I can’t help but remember the way my English professor described Shakespeare’s Prince Hal, who fearlessly charged into battle and “fought like hell for the privilege of not having to work for a living.”

I also can’t help but apply the teaching of the sages in the Talmud when they remarked, “Love work, despise lordliness, and do not become overly familiar with the government.”

The Hebrew word for “work” employed here is malachah, derived from the root meaning “walking” or “traveling forward.” To involve oneself in any pursuit that is productive, creative, or designed to benefit those with whom we share our world – this is highest calling of civilized society. This kind of work is truly the labor of love. Moreover, by dropping the feminine ending, the word malachah becomes malach, commonly translated as “angel;” when we strive to create a better world we simultaneously transform ourselves into divine emissaries of the Almighty.

ILL-GOTTEN GAINS

In contrast, the sages warn us to despise “lordliness,” the lust for power that seeks to control others and harness their efforts for personal advantage. More and more, we witness the investment of time and energy in profit without production, in clever tricks to generate income effortlessly without contributing anything to society in return, in seeking the spoils of lordliness at the expense of those who perform real work.

Finally, the sages warn us against over-familiarity with the government, since it is the nature of rulers to care for little except their own continued hold on power. Even in our democratic government, too many of our elected officials are motivated either by their own lusts and avarice or by the conviction that they know what is best for the people no matter how much evidence testifies to the contrary.

In truth, there is no greater satisfaction than that derived from an honest day’s work; neither is there any shortage of individuals desperate to avoid labor at all costs, or to exploit the labors of others to feather their own nests. And no matter how hard it tries, government will never succeed in legislating noble values or a human conscience.

Just ask Ben Schlappig, who writes a travel hacker blog. According to NPR, Schlappig brags that he has “a few million miles” and top-tier status with several airlines.

“Just last week I came back from a trip from Australia and Singapore and Malaysia all in first class, just on miles,” he says, “partly thanks to the dollar coin program.”

Maybe they really can’t handle the truth

book-892136_1920Earlier this week, James Zogby, president of the Arab-American Institute, told Andrea Mitchell on MSNBC that “Palestinian lives matter,” drawing a comparison between the violence in Israel and Ferguson, Missouri.

I was asked to comment on the Crane Durham radio program in a discussion about the historical and political origins of Mideast violence.

You can listen to the interview here.

Memes by Theo Ellis

The Price of Principle

republican-national-committee-backtracks-after-cringeworthy-attempt-to-honor-rosa-parksEarly last month, Kentucky clerk Kim Davis became the latest standard-bearer of civil disobedience in the face of governmental overreach.  Her refusal to sign marriage certificates for gay couples made her first a hero among traditionalists in an age of moral anarchy, and then a martyr for conservatism when she chose jail time rather than compromise her beliefs.  In the eyes of many, she has become a latter-day Rosa Parks.

Except that she wasn’t.

Let me be clear.  I agree with Ms. Davis in every way:  the Supreme Court decision conjuring up gay marriage as a constitutional right is an offense against moral and legal tradition, a blow against the crumbling integrity of the family structure upon which civilized society depends, and a travesty of jurisprudence.  In his embarrassing decision, Justice Anthony Kennedy didn’t even pretend that his ruling was based in law, but rather on feelings.  In many ways, he himself set the stage for Ms. Davis’s act of rebellion.

But all of that is really beside the point.

The point is this:  Ms. Davis took an oath of office.  If her conscience does not allow her to fulfill her duty, then the principled course of action is to resign.  There are consequences that go with conviction, and in this case the path of conscience requires her to remove herself from her position, not to assert that her personal values prevent her from discharging her duty while insisting that she can keep her job.  That rationale is akin to Lois Lerner claiming innocence and then taking the fifth.  You can’t have it both ways.

In an interview with Fox News anchor Megyn Kelly, Senator Ted Cruz responded to those calling for Ms. Davis to resign by asking, “where have those voices been calling for the Mayor of San Francisco to resign for having made San Francisco a sanctuary city and defied the immigration laws [and] for President Obama to resign — for six in a half year he has defied immigration law, he has defied welfare reform law, he has even defied his own Obamacare…?”

With all due respect, the Senator had it exactly backwards.  By supporting Kim Davis, Senator Cruz undercuts his own objection to President Obama flouting national immigration laws.  If Kim Davis is permitted to pick and choose which laws she follows as a matter of conscience, how is that different from Barack Obama’s failure to enforce legislation his conscience tells him is unjust?

This is what happens when respect for the law gives way before personal ideology, regardless of whether that ideology is right or wrong.  The result is a societal free-for-all, in which individual feelings and sensitivities trump civic order.  My conscience is my own, but it does not permit me to deprive others of their civil rights, no matter how flawed the legal underpinnings of those rights may be.

 

rabbis-talmud-debateNot surprising, there is a talmudic precedent.  On one occasion, the sages of the Sanhedrin, the highest body of Torah legislation, were engaged in an unusually heated debate.  Rabbi Eliezer, the most revered scholar of his time, was unable to convince any of his colleagues to see a particular point of view.  Eventually, he became so frustrated with his fellow scholars that he invoked the name of G-d to support his opinion.

According to tradition, a heavenly voice rang out in the chamber declaring that Rabbi Eliezer was correct in his ruling.

Astonishingly, another sage, Rabbi Yehoshua, stood up and replied, “The Law is not in Heaven.”  Not only were the sages not swayed by Rabbi Eliezer’s demonstration, but the actually expelled him from the High Court.

The talmudic narrative goes on to record that the Almighty, upon hearing that the sages had disregarded the divine endorsement of Rabbi Eliezer, responded that, “My children have defeated Me.”

In other words, once G-d put the system in law in force for His people to follow, even He may not abrogate the dictates of that law.  For once the system of law becomes subject to exceptions, the system will no longer serve its function.

 

20121110-american-constitutionNevertheless, it must also be said that Senator Cruz was not completely off the mark.  If the President of the United States will not uphold the law of the land, if Supreme court justices usurp power over the constitution without the slightest legal pretense to justify their decision, if the Attorney General of the United States will not prosecute local officials or former cabinet officers who show contempt for the law they are sworn to uphold, then why should there be any objection to a county clerk standing up for the tenets of her own religion?

The answer is that wrong behavior does not excuse other wrong behavior.  When mutineers are doing their level best to scuttle the ship of state, when even the captain of the ship cannot be trusted to steer a clear and steady course, the solution is not for the crew to take up their hatchets and begin hacking away at the gunwales.

Ultimately, Kim Davis is just the latest symbol of the spreading disgust with politics as usual.  The real offenders are the highest officials in the land whose conduct promotes personal feelings over responsibility and accountability.  The effects of their civic negligence can be seen in the senseless violence on the streets of Ferguson and Baltimore, and in the surreal ascendancy of Donald Trump.

Personally, I applaud Kim Davis for her conviction and her principles.  But only when all of us — from the chief executive to the most humble civil servant — put respect for the law before our individual predilections, only then will we be able to restore a climate of common purpose to our fragmented society.

Sue your loved ones: all’s fair in the insurance market place

embezzlement3Maybe the most disturbing factor in the bizarre story of the woman who sued her nephew for jumping into her arms is that her reason almost seems to make sense.

“From the start, this was a case was about one thing: getting medical bills paid by homeowners’ insurance,” explained Jennifer Connell’s attorneys.  Her nephew says he understands and harbors no ill feelings.

Whether the story here is family loyalty, embezzlement, or the inadequacies of our medical insurance system, the deeper issue is our collective attitude that someone else should take responsibility for everything that happens to us, which I addressed earlier this week regarding the man hit on the head by a pine cone.

Sometimes there is real guilt and should be real accountability.  Other times we’re just in the wrong place at the wrong time, or victims of a hug gone wrong.

We need to grow up and learn to tell the difference.

Days of Outrage

Palestinian leaders appear to have little control over the actions of the mostly young attackers. – Washington Post, October 13

Anyone who pays attention to history and politics knows that exactly the opposite is true.  Arab leaders have carried on a propaganda campaign to foment violent hatred against Israeli Jews since long before the state of Israel even existed.

In 1929, Arab riots culminated in the Hebron Massacre in which 67 Jews were murdered without provocation.  In 1941, the Mufti of Jerusalem approached Adolf Hitler offering to help bring the Final Solution to the Mideast.  In 1964, Yasser Arafat founded the PLO and began terrorist attacks against Israel — three years before Israel captured the so-called West Bank from Jordan in a war Jordan began.

And, after relinquishing Gaza to Arab control in 2005, Israelis watched from across the new border while Gaza Arabs, incited by the incendiary rhetoric of their leaders, demolished the hydroponic farms left by the Israelis that could have fed communities now increasingly dependent on international aid.

If that weren’t enough, Hamas leaders in Gaza then accused Israel of restraining trade as an excuse to launch rockets into Israel; at the same time, they diverted uncounted millions earmarked for humanitarian relief to build sophisticated tunnels from which to stage terrorist attacks against Israeli civilians.

A Palestinian fighter from the Izz el-Deen al-Qassam Brigades, the armed wing of the Hamas movement, gestures inside an underground tunnel in Gaza August 18, 2014. A rare tour that Hamas granted to a Reuters reporter, photographer and cameraman appeared to be an attempt to dispute Israel's claim that it had demolished all of the Islamist group's border infiltration tunnels in the Gaza war. Picture taken August 18, 2014. REUTERS/Mohammed Salem (GAZA - Tags: POLITICS CONFLICT TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) - RTR42YJW

So this new intifada has little to do with Israeli provocation or “occupation” and everything to do with Arab leaders eager to create young Arab martyrs so they can continue to hold the reins of power and profit from the suffering of their own people.

“If Palestine were to lay down their guns tomorrow, there would be no war. If Israel were to lay down theirs, there would be no Israel.” – Benjamin Netanyahu

Living Beneath Falling Skies

ap_malaysia_plane_10_kb_140717_4x3_992Two stories from this morning’s headlines:

Man Suing Over Injury From Giant Pine Cone in San Francisco

Missile Brought Down Malaysia Airlines Plane in Ukraine, Investigators Conclude

Our hearts should truly go out to the U.S. Navy veteran who had the misfortune of relaxing in a national park when a 16-pound pine cone fell on his head.  The story would be comical were it not so tragic.  After serving their country, our servicemen deserve respect and appreciation, not traumatic brain injury from freak accidents.

But that’s just the point.  This was an accident, and accidents happen.

I suppose lawyers will wrangle over whether the Park Service was negligent for not posting warning signs and fencing off the area, or for planting a non-native species that might threaten unsuspecting visitors.  I suppose one could also make the case that the Park Service should assume a measure of responsibility by covering the victim’s medical expenses.

But what does it say about us when our natural impulse is to litigate every mishap, to turn to the courts, assign blame, and make others pay?  Life is full of scrapes and bruises, and sometimes more painful twists of fate.  How we deal with the apparent randomness of our world comes down to personal philosophy and theology, but it isn’t always someone else’s fault.

In truth, it reflects a kind of collective arrogance, resulting from the delusion that we are in total control of our lives and our world, and that anything bad that happens to us must have been inflicted in some kind of criminal act.  Why fate smiles on some and torments others is a question we can’t expect to answer in this world.  But there isn’t always a man behind the curtain whom we can haul into court to demand restitution.

Even worse, when we attribute wicked intent to every whim of fortune, we lose some of our contempt for true acts of evil.  The recent finding that it was a Russian-built Buk missile that killed 298 people aboard Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 last year confirms what everyone expected.  There is true evil in the world, and we dare not conflate incidental suffering with that perpetrated by authentic villains.

We live in a world full of contradictions.  When bad things happen to good people, we owe them our comfort and sympathy.  When bad people spread suffering among the innocent, we are duty bound to hunt them down and exact justice.

But we should never confuse the two.

Finding Reason in the Midst of Chaos

After last week’s Oregon massacre and last month’s Virginia shooting, it’s worth looking back on these thoughts from the days after the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing:

Zebadiah Carter describes himself living in “an era when homicide kills more people than cancer and the favorite form of suicide is to take a rifle up some tower and keep shooting until the riot squad settles it.” In 1980, this remark by the main character in a Robert Heinlein novel sounded like the science fiction that it was. Now it echoes like a prophecy.

Random acts of mass violence in the United States still horrify us but no longer shock us. We’ve heard too many stories, seen too many pictures. And too many of them are depressingly the same:

  • 20 students and 6 adults murdered at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
  • 12 killed and 58 wounded at the Century Theater in Aurora, Colorado.
  • 13 killed and 30 wounded at Fort Hood.
  • 32 dead and 17 wounded in the Virginia Tech massacre.

And those are only the bloodiest atrocities going back to 2007. The Columbine school shooting in 1999 adds another 39 victims to the tally. And, of course, Timothy McVeigh’s bombing of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995 claimed 168 lives and injured nearly 700.

Now we have to try and make sense of this latest act of senselessness — the Boston Marathon bombings, which shattered an iconic American institution and shook our already precarious sense of order and security.

Amidst all the suffering and all the investigation, the question we most want answered is why?

We’ve asked the same question before. According to reports, Adam Lanza was bullied as a student at Sandy Hook; Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were bullied at Columbine High School; so was Timothy McVeigh as a boy in Pendleton, New York. There were also histories of psychiatric problems, as there were with Seung-Hui Cho before his attack on Virginia Tech, James Eagan Holmes before Aurora, and Nidal Malik Hasan before Fort Hood.

But these explanations offer little in the way of real answers. Almost all of us were bullied when we were younger without seeking murderous retribution against our tormentors, and most of us can lay claim to at least some kind of neurosis. More to the point, why is random violence on the rise, if the root causes have been around for generations? According to data assembled by Mother Jones Magazine, nearly 40% of mass shootings since 1982 have taken place in the last seven years (excluding robberies and gang-related incidents). If so, what has changed? And can we expect it to get worse?

Ultimately, it may be all about control. “These kids often feel powerless,” psychiatrist Peter Langman told LiveScience. “The one way they can feel like they’re somebody is to get a gun and kill people.”

“Out of control” is a term that seems increasingly characteristic of the world we live in. On the one hand, technology provides us with the power of information, opportunity, and access at a level unimaginable barely a decade ago. But on the other hand, our inability to manipulate so much power leaves us feeling both frustrated and inadequate, while the triumphs of others make us feel like pawns in a game we can never win. With the world at our fingertips, success and happiness remain damnably elusive.

clip_image0028And so we flail about with increasing desperation, constantly trying to push ourselves just a little harder and work just a little faster. Day by day, our sense of anger and resentment toward a society that promises so much and delivers so little builds within us until we feel ready to explode. In a world gone mad, what else can we do but get mad at the world?

The fallacy, however, is the world has not made sense since the beginning of time. Last weekend, Jews around the world paused in the midst of their Sabbath morning services to read the Book of Ecclesiastes,  compiled over a lifetime by King Solomon, the wisest of all men, in his search for meaning and justice:

And I returned and saw under the sun that the race is not to the swift nor the battle to the strong, neither is there bread to the wise, nor riches to men of understanding, nor yet favor to men of knowledge; but time and death will overcome them all.

Really, all that has changed is our expectation. We have been taught to believe that anything we desire is within our grasp, that we are entitled to the love of poets, the wealth of kings, the pleasures and the power of the gods. Our culture has etched upon our collective consciousness the inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. And although Thomas Jefferson had the wisdom not to assert the right to happiness itself, that subtle distinction is lost on most of our generation.

Given the fantasy images of Pixar and Dreamworks, the superhero illusions of the silver screen, and the miracle gadgets that fit in the palm of our hands, what can we expect from a youth wholly unprepared for reaching the age of responsibility? And when they confront the seeming impossibility of leaving their mark on the world through any positive contribution, why should we be surprised when they choose violence as their final recourse to make the world take notice of their existence?

And yet, for all that, Solomon himself did not give in to despair and hopelessness, despite the words of lamentation with which he begins Ecclesiastes:

Futility of futilities — all is futile!

But it is not Solomon’s opening words that contain his ultimate message. It is the words he offers at the end, in sharp contrast to all the observations he offers before:

The sum of the matter, when all is heard: Fear the Eternal and guard His teachings, for this is the entirety of Man.

Viewed superficially, this world is a place of chaos, without rhyme or reason, without justice or pity. Says Solomon: do not look at the outer trappings of creation, but search for the nobility of man. Recognize the greatness that compels a 27 year old first grade teacher, with scarcely a moment’s notice, to give up her life in the protection of her innocent charges. Admire the reflexive heroism of bystanders who rushed to help the injured at the finish line, without regard for whether another explosion might make them victims themselves. Do not lose hope in the face of wanton violence, but take inspiration from the lofty heights to which Man can rise.

In the marathon of life, some finish and some fall. But greatness is measured by perseverance, by pursuing the unique potential that resides within each of us us, by our determination to choose good over evil and show the world that the divine spark of the human spirit will never die.

Originally published by Jewish World Review.

The War to End all Wars

Originally published by Jewish World Review in September, 2001, two weeks after the attacks on the Twin Towers.

the endOnce upon a time there were three little pigs. One built a house of straw, until the big, bad wolf blew it down and gobbled him up. One built a house of sticks, until the big, bad wolf blew it down and gobbled him up. But one built a house of bricks and was safe from all the huffing and puffing of the big, bad wolf.

Society teaches values to successive generations through its children’s stories. The story of the Three Little Pigs is one of our most enduring fables, teaching the importance of good planning and disciplined effort. But it also carries with it a more subtle message, that safety rests in our own hands and our own labors, that security can be bought for the price of a pile of bricks and a bucket of mortar. This ideal, if it was ever true, went up in flames together with New York City ‘s skyline and Washington’s military nerve center on September 11.

More appropriate now than the Three Little Pigs is Robert Burns’s adage about “the best laid schemes of mice and men.” Indeed, the World Trade Center towers were each designed to absorb the impact of a 727; what the architects failed to factor in was how the fuel carried aboard a transcontinental airliner would create an inferno capable of compromising the structural strength of steel support beams. Of course, we don’t blame the architects; none of us imagined the acts of incomprehensible evil that brought down those towers.

clark4-800x555Which is precisely the point. We cannot imagine the design and the reach of evil. We can make our best effort, erect walls of brick around ourselves and roofs of steel over our heads, but we will never be completely safe. The world is too unpredictable an arena, the mind of the wicked too dark a cavern.

As if to drive home the instability of temporal existence, observant Jews around the world will disrupt their normal lives this week by moving out of their homes into little stick houses to live as our ancestors lived in the desert after their exodus from Egypt. But more than an attempt to recreate the experience of a fledgling nation traveling toward its homeland, the holiday of Sukkos offers us an opportunity to attune our minds to a most fundamental principle of Judaism — that however great our strength and the might of our own hands, however elaborate and well conceived our plans, life strews unexpected obstacles in our path that can scuttle our most certain victories and demolish our most solid edifices.

A sukkah may be built of virtually any material: wood, brick, steel, canvas, or even string may be used to construct its walls. But no matter how stable or how precarious its walls, the roof of a sukkah must be composed of s’chach, thin strips of wood or leaves, through which the light of the stars can shine at night. And when one sits in the sukkah and looks up at the s’chach — the barest representation of a roof that won’t protect him from even the lightest rainfall — he is inspired by the recollection of his ancestors who trusted in the protection of the Almighty, the One who took them out from under the rod of their oppressors and guided them through the inimical desert before bringing them safely home.

In his visionary writings, the prophet Ezekiel describes a great battle on the eve of the messianic era, when the all forces of evil in the world combine themselves into a great army called by the name Gog and Magog. The brilliant eighteenth century thinker Rabbi Samshon Raphael Hirsch interprets the prophet’s vision not as a military battle but as an ideological war between the philosophy of gog — “roof”– and the philosophy of sukkah, where those convinced that their fate lies in the power of their own hands and their own resources will attack the values of those who recognize the limits of human endeavor to influence the world.

In the immediate wake of the World Trade Center destruction, cries rang out for vengeance and military retribution. Since then, more measured voices have asserted that this war will be like no other, without defined enemies or defined borders, without clear strategies or decisive victories. This is an unfamiliar kind of crisis, where we find our capacity to respond in our own defense or to secure our own future profoundly diminished in a new world order.

So now the citizens and leaders of the world’s last remaining superpower must grapple with the uncertainties of a violent present and a murky future. Some will respond by declaring that we must work harder to take control of our own fate. Others will concede that we will never be secure again. And they will be right: no building, no bunker, no shelter made of brick or concrete or iron will guarantee our safety from the perverse imagination of extremists who can rationalize indiscriminate mass murder.

Inside of a Sukkah (hut) with a table set for Sukkot

Yet for all that, the Jew sitting in his sukkah will look up at the heavens and be at peace. He will recognize that the best laid schemes often come to naught and that, after doing all that can be done, we are best off leaving our fate in the hands of the One who placed the stars in their courses, the One from whom protection ultimately comes for those who trust not in their own strength, but in the source of all strength.

As the winds of autumn blow with the first hint of winter, we may shiver with cold but never with fear. The illusion of the roof we can see reminds of the invisible reality of the wings of the Divine presence. We neither abandon ourselves to fate nor try to seize hold of it, but turn with confidence to face the future, secure in the knowledge that we have prepared ourselves as best we can to meet whatever life holds in store for us.